石化廢水處理過程中活性污泥毒性變化

中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué) 2017,37(3)：963~971 China Environmental Science 石化廢水處理過程中活性污泥毒性變化

羅 夢(mèng)1,2,3,于 茵1,2,周岳溪1,2*,王欽祥4,宋玉棟1,2,何緒文3 (1.中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院水污染控制技術(shù)研究中心,北京 100012；2.中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 100012；3.中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,北京 100083；4.蘭州交通大學(xué)環(huán)境與市政工程學(xué)院,甘肅 蘭州 730070)

摘要：考察了某石化園區(qū)廢水從進(jìn)入污水處理廠到到達(dá)好氧生物處理單元之前,各級(jí)工藝處理后廢水對(duì)活性污泥的毒性的變化情況,通過活性污泥耗氧速率抑制效應(yīng)、脫氫酶活性抑制效應(yīng)和發(fā)光細(xì)菌急性毒性3種指標(biāo)表征石化廢水的活性污泥毒性,測(cè)定了沿程各節(jié)點(diǎn)廢水的三維熒光光譜,并解析了石化廢水對(duì)活性污泥的毒性與其熒光光譜特征之間的相關(guān)性.結(jié)果表明,石化廢水對(duì)好氧生物處理工藝中硝化細(xì)菌耗氧速率的抑制率達(dá)50%~60%,經(jīng)過好氧生物處理單元之前的各級(jí)處理后,抑制作用仍然在30%左右.在沿程各處理工藝中,水解酸化與A段缺氧處理對(duì)毒性削減作用相對(duì)明顯.比較3種毒性表征方法的結(jié)果,耗氧速率法較適合評(píng)價(jià)石化廢水對(duì)活性污泥的毒性.各水樣的熒光峰集中在λex/λem=200~300/250~400nm區(qū)域,其中峰C(λex/λem=225/340)、E(λex/λem=275/325)、F(λex/λem=275/335)與毒性相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),因此,檢測(cè)發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)在325~340nm內(nèi)熒光物質(zhì)有助于快速表征石化廢水活性污泥毒性.

關(guān)鍵詞：石化廢水；活性污泥毒性；耗氧速率；脫氫酶活性；發(fā)光細(xì)菌；三維熒光

中圖分類號(hào)：X703 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1000-6923(2017)03-0963-09

Changes of the toxicity of petrochemical wastewater to activated sludge along the treatment processes. LUO Meng1,2,3, YU Yin1,2, ZHOU Yue-xi2,3*,WANG Qin-xiang4, SONG Yu-dong1,2, HE Xu-wen3 (1.Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China；2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China；3.School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China；4.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3)：963~971

Abstract：The changes of wastewater toxicity to activated sludge along the treatment processes from water intake to the aerobic biological unit in an integrated petrochemical wastewater treatment plant were investigated. The assay was done based on three toxicity characterization methods: oxygen uptake rate of activated sludge, dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge and acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria. Moreover, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of effluents from each process unit were analyzed and the relationship between fluorescence characteristics and the toxicity profiles was revealed. The results showed that the influent petrochemical wastewater had an inhibition on the oxygen uptake rate of nitrifier up to 50%~60%. After the treatment processes prior to the aerobic biological treatment unit, the inhibition of the treated wastewater on activated sludge still reached 30%. Among them, hydrolysis acidification and anoxic treatment were found to decrease the wastewater toxicity obviously. Based on the comprehensive comparison of the results from these three methods, the oxygen uptake rate method is more suitable for the toxicity evaluation of petrochemical wastewater on activated sludge. As to the fluorescence spectra of the water samples, all the fluorescence peaks appeared in the region of λex/λem=200-300/250~400nm, and the fluorescence intensity of peak C (λex/λem=225/340), peak E (λex/λem=275/325) and peak F (λex/λem=275/335) were positively correlated with the toxicity at a certain extent. The fluorescence peaks with emission wavelength of 325~340nm are recommended to be used for rapid and simple monitoring the toxicity of petrochemical wastewater to activated sludge.

收稿日期：2016-07-15

基金項(xiàng)目：國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目(2012ZX07201-005)

* 責(zé)任作者, 研究員, zhouyuexi@263.net

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