水電站楊聯(lián)子-20132996

大型水電站蝸殼及廠房結(jié)構(gòu)探討

摘要:介紹我國(guó)大型水電站蝸殼與廠房結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力分析研究現(xiàn)狀,以及蝸殼與廠房結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)組運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性之間的關(guān)系,并就影響動(dòng)力反應(yīng)特性的幾個(gè)因素,如墊層材料的非線性、蝸殼鋼襯和外圍混凝土間的非均勻接觸、外圍混凝土的已有損傷和開裂、流道內(nèi)巨大水體的存在等進(jìn)行論述,指出在內(nèi)源荷載作用下地下廠房及蝸殼結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力分析數(shù)值模型構(gòu)建中所存在的問(wèn)題。最后,結(jié)合汶川地震中地下廠房的震害,詳細(xì)論證了進(jìn)行地下蝸殼及廠房抗震研究的必要性和緊迫性。 關(guān)鍵詞:水電站;廠房;蝸殼;動(dòng)力分析;墊層;

Dynamic analysis of spiral casings and powerhouses of large-scale hydropower stations//ZHANG Yun-liang(School ofHydraulic Engineering, Faculty ofInfrastructure Engineering, Dalian University ofTechnology, Dalian 116024, China)Abstract: The research advances in the dynamic analysis of spiral casings of large-scale hydropower stations as well as therelationship between their dynamic characteristics and the safety operation of turbine generating setswere introduced.The necessityfor conducting researches on some factors for the dynamic responses of the spiral casings and hydropower houses were discussed,including the nonlinearity of materials for cushion layer, the non-uniform contact between steel spiral casings and surroundingconcrete, the existing damage and cracks in reinforced concrete and the giant water body in flow channels, etc. The existingproblemsin the establishement of numerical models for dynamic analysis of underground hydropower houses and spiral casings excited by internal forces ofwater and turbine generating setswere putforward.Finally, based on the seismic damage of large-andmiddel-scale underground hydropowerhouses in“Wenchuan Earthquake”, the necessity and impendency of aseismic researches onthe underground hydropower houses were demonstrated.

Key words: hydropower station; powerhouse; spiral casing; dynamic analysis; cushion layer;

蝸殼及其外圍鋼筋混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)

是水電站的主體。隨著大型常規(guī)電站

和抽水蓄能電站的興建,水輪機(jī)單機(jī)

容量的不斷提高,蝸殼日趨巨型化,HD

值急劇增加,致使蝸殼結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選

擇設(shè)計(jì)也越發(fā)令人關(guān)注。某建設(shè)中的

超大型電站右岸為地下廠房,發(fā)電機(jī)

單機(jī)容量75萬(wàn)kW,超過(guò)目前世界上最大的三峽機(jī)組。蝸殼進(jìn)口尺寸達(dá)11.47 m,如此規(guī)模的蝸殼結(jié)構(gòu)承受著巨大的水荷載作用[1]。本文以該電站為背景,利用三維有限元仿真技術(shù),對(duì)蝸殼墊層方案、打壓方案與完全聯(lián)合承載方案進(jìn)行靜動(dòng)力比較分析。其中墊層方案墊層厚度5 cm,共有1MPa、3 MPa兩種彈模的墊層材料;打壓方案有4種設(shè) 1

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